Thousands of people have taken to the streets in a handful of Muslim-majority countries to express outrage at the desecration of a copy of the Koran in Sweden, a day after protesters stormed the country’s embassy in Iraq.
The protests in Iraq, Lebanon, Iran and Pakistan that followed weekly prayers were controlled and peaceful, in contrast to scenes in Baghdad on Thursday when demonstrators occupied the Swedish embassy compound for several hours and set a small fire.
The embassy staff had been evacuated before the storming, and Swedish news agency TT reported that they were relocated to Stockholm for security reasons.
For Muslims, any desecration of the Koran, their holy text, is abhorrent.
Under scorching heat on Friday, thousands gathered in Baghdad’s Sadr City, a stronghold of influential Iraqi Shia cleric and political leader Muqtada al-Sadr, some of whose followers took part in the attack on the Swedish embassy.
They brandished Korans, burned the Swedish flag and the LGBTQ rainbow flag and chanted: “Yes, yes to the Koran, no, no to Israel.”
Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani had called on protesters and security forces to ensure that the demonstrations remained peaceful.
In the southern suburbs of Beirut, thousands more gathered at a protest called by the Iran-backed militia and political party Hezbollah, also brandishing copies of the holy book and chanting “with our blood, we protect the Koran”.
Some burned Swedish flags.
Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah said in a video address on Thursday night that Muslims should demand their governments expel Sweden’s ambassadors. Iraq cut diplomatic ties with Sweden earlier that day.
“I invite brothers and sisters in all neighbourhoods and villages to attend all mosques, carrying their Korans and sit in them, calling on the state to take a stance toward Sweden,” Mr Nasrallah said in the address, according to Lebanon’s state-run National News Agency.
In Iran, thousands marched in Tehran and other cities across the country, demonstrations that were aired on state television. In the capital, protesters gathered in the city centre, chanting: “Death to the Americanised Sweden! Death to Israel! Death to enemies of the supreme leader!”
Student protesters pelted the Swedish Embassy building that was closed for the weekend, which in Iran is Friday and Saturday, with eggs and demanded the expulsion of the Swedish ambassador.
Smaller rallies took place elsewhere, including in Pakistan, where hundreds gathered in various cities, particularly in the country’s north-west area bordering Afghanistan.
A larger rally was planned for Saturday in Karachi, the country’s largest city, convened by Fazl-ur-Rahman, the head of the pro-Taliban religious party Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Pakistan.
Mr Rahman is part of the coalition government of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, who wrote on Twitter on Friday that the granting of “permission to desecrate the Holy Koran, Torah and Bible is part of a sinister, vile and despicable agenda whose sole aim could be to threaten world peace”.
The demonstrations come after Swedish police permitted a protest on Thursday in which an Iraqi of Christian origin living in Stockholm — now a self-described atheist — threatened to burn a copy of the Koran.
In the end, the man kicked and stood on the holy book outside the Iraqi Embassy. He gave similar treatment to an Iraqi flag and to photos of Mr al-Sadr and of Iran’s supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
The right to hold public demonstrations is protected by the constitution in Sweden, and blasphemy laws were abandoned in the 1970s. Police generally give permission based on whether they believe a public gathering can be held without major disruptions or safety risks.
The reaction in Iraq was particularly virulent, although no embassy staff were injured since none were present. After protesters left the embassy, diplomats closed it to visitors without specifying when it would reopen.
The state-run Iraqi News Agency reported that some 20 people were arrested in connection with the storming of the embassy.
Among those arrested were an Associated Press photographer and two Reuters staff who were covering the protests. The detained journalists were released hours later without charges, following an order from the prime minister’s office.
Mr al-Sudani, the Iraqi prime minister, ordered the expulsion of the Swedish ambassador and the withdrawal of the Iraqi charge d’affaires from Sweden.
Leaders in several Muslim-majority countries condemned the desecration of the Koran and summoned diplomats from Sweden to express their outrage.
Iranian foreign minister Hossein Amirabdollahian wrote a letter to the United Nations secretary-general, while Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif called on the 57-nation Organisation of Islamic Cooperation to play a “historic role in expressing the sentiments of Muslims and stopping this demonisation”.
Meanwhile, the Swedish Foreign Ministry conveyed to the Iraqi charge d’affaires that the storming of the embassy was “completely unacceptable”, according to the TT agency.
Thursday’s Koran desecration was the second to involve the Iraqi man in Sweden, identified as Salwan Momika. Last month, a man identified by local media and on his social media as Momika burned a Koran outside a Stockholm mosque during the major Muslim holiday of Eid al-Adha, triggering widespread condemnation in the Islamic world.
Worshippers gathering for Friday prayers at the Stockholm mosque outside which the Koran-burning took place expressed frustration that Swedish authorities allowed such actions. Imam Mahmoud Khalfi told The Associated Press the situation made him feel “powerless”.
“You expect politicians and decisionmakers and police to show understanding … and try to find a solution. But it hasn’t happened, unfortunately,” he said.
He noted that other countries, such as neighbouring Finland, had found a way to combine freedom of speech with respect for religion. Unlike Sweden, Finland still has blasphemy laws.
“To let these extremists and criminals abuse the law and jeopardise peace in society and national security and Sweden’s reputation in the world, that is unsustainable,” he said. “We cannot understand why these lunatics are allowed to run wild.”
At the same time he added: “We are against all violent reactions and we have called on our members, to Muslims in Sweden, to react and act … in a peaceful way.”
