Police tactics 'failed' during UK riots

The perception that police had lost control of the streets was the most important reason why the violence and looting spread, the committee’s report into public order policing said.

Mr Vaz said: “Individual police officers acted with great bravery, and we commend them for their actions.

“However, in London and other areas, in contrast with the effectiveness of police responses in some towns and cities, there was a failure of police tactics.

“This situation might have been avoided had police appreciated the magnitude of the task.”

He went on: “For those who lost their homes and businesses, the state effectively ceased to exist – sometimes for hours at a time.

“This is an utterly unacceptable situation and should never occur again. We must ensure these innocent bystanders receive the payments they are entitled to under the Riot (Damages) Act.”

His comments come after Home Secretary Theresa May called for people to stop making excuses for those involved, saying that August’s riots were simply about money and “instant gratification”.

The committee’s report found the operation to police the disorder in many towns and cities, and especially in London, was flawed.

Forces were not quick enough in flooding the streets with officers, there was no system to give businesses in areas affected by the riots early and consistent advice on what to do, and the arrangements for loaning officers from one force to another need to be reviewed, it said.

“What ultimately worked in quelling the disorder was increasing the number of police officers on the street,” the report said.

“If numbers could have been increased more rapidly, it is possible that some of the disturbances could have been avoided.

“We regret that this did not happen and, with the benefit of hindsight, we regard the operation to police the disorder in many towns and cities, and particularly in London, as flawed.”

In the future, a “strong police presence should also have a deterrent effect on those opportunists considering joining in the disorder”, the report said.

It added: “The single most important reason why the disorder spread was the perception, relayed by television as well as new social media, that in some areas the police had lost control of the streets.”

The riots broke out in Tottenham, north London, on August 6, following the fatal shooting by police of Mark Duggan, 29. It then spread to other parts of the capital and other English cities, including Birmingham, Liverpool, Nottingham, Manchester and Salford.

But the committee’s report said the specific causes behind the riots were still unknown.

“It has been clear from the start that the death of Mark Duggan acted as a trigger,” the MPs said.

“It is also clear that there was a great deal of ’copycat’ activity. But the clarity ends there.

“Even in Tottenham, it is not clear that the circumstances surrounding the death of Mark Duggan were the only influences at play.

“In other locations, the link to the original trigger is even more tenuous and provides no explanation for what went on.”

“Unlike some events in the past, including the riots in the 1980s, there does not seem to be any clear narrative, nor a clear element of protest or clear political objectives.

“There may also have been some engagement by gangs, but in general this seems to have been opportunistic rather than organised and, on this occasion, appears not to have been a significant cause of the rioting and looting.

“Many people seem to have been drawn into criminal activity almost on the basis of joining in a big party and without any sense of the seriousness of the acts they were undertaking.”

The MPs also called for the Government to speed up the process of reimbursing people for damages and to review whether the £15 (€18) victim’s surcharge should be increased for future riots.

The Government should also clarify whether police authorities will be able to recover the total cost of policing the riots as they are already faced with budget cuts, it said.

A spokesman for the Association of Chief Police Officers said: “This report recognises that the scale of the disorder seen in August was unprecedented and that its characteristics varied across the country.

“It is right to commend the numerous examples of officers on the ground who showed incredible bravery and resilience, as well as the way in which police forces supported one another through mutual aid, and made use of new channels such as social media to inform and communicate with the public.

“The committee also identifies some issues which we believe are critical to get right within current policing reforms.

“This includes the capacity and ability to move sufficient numbers of police officers around the country when required to protect the public from national threats.

“We will continue to look at all the various reports into the disorder to examine how the police service can best respond in future to the kind of exceptional criminality seen in August.”