Relief agencies say there are now 300,000 men, women and children in a camp outside the Afghan city of Herat.
Toilets, clean water and food are scarce in a region where days are warm but temperatures plummet during the hours of darkness.
The World Food Programme is distributing some supplies - however agencies say children are still dying.
New arrivals at the camp often have to wait 10 days until shelter is provided.
The number of children is high with one man having three newborns from different wives in a week.
Respiratory colds and diseases are said to be rampant along with malnutrition.