Minister of Digital Economy and Society Buddhipongse Punnakanta said at a news conference that it was the first time his ministry has taken such action against the social media companies under Thailand’s Computer Crime Act.
It has prosecuted website and account owners and users in the past.
The ministry filed the complaints at the police’s technology crime suppression division, where Mr Buddhipongse said the companies had failed to meet 15-day deadlines issued by the courts to block hundreds of accounts.
He said the targeted sites were banned because they contained illegal content related to online gambling, pornography, drugs or the monarchy – a highly sensitive subject.
The ministry also filed complaints against parties using five accounts to disseminate material considered offensive during a large anti-government rally at the weekend.
Mr Buddhipongse said Facebook had blocked access in Thailand to 215 of the 661 accounts his ministry had requested.
Twitter had blocked four of 69 accounts, he said.
Police Colonel Siriwat Deepor, deputy chief of the technology crime suppression division, said the two companies could face fines of no more than 200,000 baht (around £5,000) and an additional daily fine of 5,000 baht (about £125) for each day the accounts remain unblocked.
Kate Hayes, a spokeswoman for Facebook’s Asia-Pacific operations, said the company did not have any comment for now on the Thai action.
A spokesman for Twitter could not be reached.
In August, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society successfully pressured Facebook to block a popular page about the monarchy.
“We are protecting our sovereignty, which may not mean protecting physical borders in the traditional sense but rather … protecting our cyber sovereignty,” Mr Buddhipongse said at the time.
He declared such attacks “happen fast and are constantly damaging Thais”.
