The former Birmingham, Wigan and Sunderland manager was reportedly unhappy with a lack of assurances from the club's owners over the recruitment of new players.

Mike Phelan, Bruce's former Manchester United team-mate and his assistant at Hull, has been placed in caretaker charge.

A statement on Hull's website read: "Following four incredible seasons with the Tigers including two promotions and our first ever FA Cup final, we can confirm that manager Steve Bruce has left the club by mutual consent.

"The Board of Directors would like to thank Steve for all his efforts since his appointment in 2012 culminating in a glorious day at Wembley in May which saw the club bounce back into the Premier League. Steve has excelled in his role - both on and off the field - and will be remembered for being the most successful manager in our history to date.

"Steve Bruce wishes the club and the owners all the very best for the forthcoming Premier League season. Steve also wishes to place on record his thanks to the club's supporters for their unwavering support and also to all the players and staff who have worked with him during his time at the KCOM Stadium.

"Mike Phelan will step in to the role of caretaker manager until a permanent appointment is made for the upcoming campaign."