Norway mass killer sane - experts
A new psychiatric assessment of Anders Breivik has said the right-wing fanatic was sane when he killed 77 people in a bomb and gun massacre that jolted the world’s image of terrorism.
Both the prosecution and the defence will say Breivik killed 77 people at a Labour Party youth camp outside Norway’s capital Oslo when he goes on trial next week. The only question has been whether the self-styled anti-Muslim militant was sane when he did it.
“Our conclusion is that he (was) not psychotic at the time of the actions of terrorism and he is not psychotic now,” Terje Toerrissen, one of the psychiatrists who examined Breivik in prison, said.
The twin attacks on July 22 last year – a bomb in Oslo’s government district followed by a shooting spree at the youth camp – brutally shocked Norway and reminded the West of terror threats other than al Qaida.
The blond, blue-eyed gunman surrendered to police on a lakeside island where the bodies of his many teenage victims lay scattered. He claimed he was the Islamic terror group’s antithesis, a modern-day crusader waging a war against Islam in Europe.
Breivik, 33, confessed to the attacks but rejected criminal guilt, saying he had acted to protect Norway from being overrun by Muslims by targeting the left-leaning political establishment he claimed had betrayed the country with liberal immigration policies.
The psychiatric report presented to the Oslo district court yesterday backed up Breivik’s own claim that he is sane, and contradicted an earlier assessment that declared him psychotic and suffering from paranoid schizophrenia.
That first diagnosis was met widespread criticism, prompting the court to order the second review.
Breivik’s defence lawyer Geir Lippestad said the new report meant Breivik’s evidence would be crucial “when the judges decide whether he is insane or not”. The trial starts on Monday and is due to last 10 weeks.
Asked whether Breivik would defend his actions in court, Mr Lippestad said: “He won’t only defend it, he will also regret that he didn’t go further.”
It is up to the judges to decide whether Breivik is mentally competent to be sentenced to prison. If not, he will be committed to compulsory psychiatric care. Either way, there are provisions in Norwegian law that could keep him locked up for the rest of his life.
But to some, the diagnosis has broader implications in how the attacks are viewed.
“If he’s insane, it’s very hard to pin it on anybody else,” said Hans Rustad, who runs one of the many right-wing, anti-Islamic blogs that Breivik cited in an online manifesto before the attacks.
In his 1,500-page document, Breivik claimed to be part of a secret right-wing militia modelled after the medieval Christian military order known as the Knights Templar. Its goal, he claimed, was to purge Europe of Muslim influence in a revolution that would target what he called “cultural Marxists” in the initial phase.
Investigators have found no trace of the group and say Breivik plotted and carried out the attacks on his own. A leaked copy of the initial psychiatric examination described his crusader fantasy as a token of the “bizarre, grandiose delusions” of a sick mind.
A diagnosis of insanity would make it easier for far-right bloggers and politicians to dissociate their political views from Breivik. They have denounced his attacks as the work of a madman.
But some suggest they have a degree of moral responsibility for agitating online against Muslims.
“To me it’s obvious that even if he is insane there is definitely a political element,” said Oeyvind Stroemmen, a Norwegian Green Party member who had warned before the attacks that hardening anti-Muslim attitudes in Europe could turn violent.
Breivik was charged with terrorism and premeditated murder last month in an indictment that traced his steps from parking a van with a 2,100lb fertiliser bomb outside a building housing the prime minister’s office at 3.17pm to his surrender to police on Utoya island three hours and 18 minutes later.
Eight people died in the bombing, while 69 people – mostly teenagers – were killed on Utoya. Dozens more were wounded as the gunman, disguised as a police officer, opened fire on unsuspecting youths gathered for an annual summer retreat.
In the indictment prosecutors assumed Breivik was mentally ill and said they would seek compulsory psychiatric care instead of imprisonment unless new information about his mental health emerged.
The latest psychiatric report was confidential, but national broadcaster NRK and other Norwegian media who claimed to have seen its conclusions said it described Breivik as narcissistic but not psychotic.
Prosecutor Inga Beijer Eng said yesterday it was too early to say which of the assessments would be given most weight. “We will not decide on what kind of punishment we will ask for until the end of the trial,” she said.
