Gunman: Massacre my marketing tool

In discussing how and where to order bomb components, he said “there is absolutely NO GOOD REASON why anyone (unless flagged by the intelligence agency) shouldn’t be able to acquire the above materials”.

“Any single patriot who wants to establish a cell and begin action can do so, and thus becomes a part of the organisation,” he wrote.

Friday’s bombing at government headquarters in Oslo, which killed at least seven, and the shootings, which killed at least 86 at a ruling-party island retreat for young people, have rocked Norway, home to the Nobel Peace Prize and where the average policeman patrols without a firearm.

More than 90 people were wounded and others remain missing at both crime scenes.

Authorities revealed that one of the attacker’s first victims on the island was an off-duty police officer who had been hired by the camp directors to provide private security in his spare time.

That detail sheds new light on the confusion many survivors described during the 90-minute massacre. The attacker arrived dressed as a policeman, and some were killed when they approached the killer thinking he was there to save them.

Dr Colin Poole, head of surgery at Ringriket Hospital in Honefoss north west of Oslo, said the gunman used special “dum-dum” bullets designed to disintegrate inside the body and cause maximum internal damage.

The victims were mourned at Oslo Cathedral yesterday at a service attended by Norway’s King Harald, his wife Queen Sonja, and prime minister Jens Stoltenberg. The king and queen wiped tears from their eyes during the service themed on “sorrow and hope”.

Police and Breivik’s lawyer have said that he confessed to the twin attacks but denied criminal responsibility for Norway’s deadliest day in peacetime. Breivik has been charged with terrorism and will appear in court today.

Norway has no death penalty. Its maximum sentence for any crime is 21 years.

Breivik’s lawyer, Geir Lippestad, said his client asked for an open court hearing “because he wants to explain himself”. It was unclear whether a judge would allow the media to cover the hearing.

Mr Lippestad said his client wrote the 1,500-page manifesto alone – though a reading shows that parts were lifted from the writings of US mail bomber Ted Kaczynski, known as the “Unabomber”.

The planning he explained in the document drilled down to the tiniest tasks. He choose a Hyundai for a trip to Prague to buy an AK-47 because he thought it was the kind of car a pensioner would drive, so he probably would not get stopped on his way back to Oslo.

In the manifesto, Beirvik pilloried what he called the political correctness of liberals and warned that their work would end in the colonisation of Europe by Muslims, saying: “This book presents the only solutions to our current problems.”

Breivik spent years writing the manifesto called 2083 – A European Declaration of Independence. It was signed “Andrew Berwick”. The document later explained that 2083 was to be the year when European government would be overthrown en masse.

Breivik says he began planning his assault in 2002, when he hoped to raise enough money to create a foundation to distribute his “compendium”, as he called the document.

After dabbling in stock speculation for several years, in 2006 he decided he had enough money to write the manifesto, but not enough to distribute it.

“I will need to cut my losses and proceed to plan B,” he wrote.

“Plan B” was a mass slaughter to draw attention to his writing.

“The actual military operation is also a sub-task as well as it is a marketing method for the distribution of this compendium among other things,” he wrote.

By 2009, the compendium was complete and Breivik started planning the attacks by setting up fake email addresses to justify an application for a phoney business, Breivik Geofarm, his cover for ordering six tonnes of fertiliser – an integral component of the Oslo bomb. He rented an actual farm to carry out the final phase of his plan.

Starting on May 2, he gave a daily blow-by-blow of his activities, mostly building his bomb at the farm. One of the owners of the farm nearly caught him in the act in a spontaneous visit to the farm but he persuaded her to return another day.

He advises how to avoid detection, telling his readers to cultivate goodwill with neighbours and offer visitors coffee and sandwiches as long as doing so doesn’t “jeopardise the operation”.

Finally, on the day of the attack, he wrote about his plan for “initiate blasting sequenses (sic) at pre-determined sites,” but did not mention the island shooting that killed the most people.

In his last entries, he makes no mention of being killed or captured, but worries how he will make pay off the debts he has acquired over the years of planning.

Then he signs off: “I believe this will be my last entry. It is now Fri July 22nd, 12.51.”