The red brick city hall in the Italian town of Amatrice survived the devastating summer earthquake that collapsed buildings all around it, only to crumble amid two lesser jolts on Wednesday night.
The tremors also brought down a centuries-old church tower in Camerino that had withstood both a quake in 1997 and the one in August.
The twin aftershocks may have exacted a lesser human toll than the August quake that preceded them, with no-one killed under rubble and no reports of serious injuries, but they revealed structural weakness in the mountainous quake-prone zone straddling the Marche and Umbria regions.
Italian PM Matteo Renzi visited the picturesque hilltop university town of Camerino on Thursday, which is pledging to rebuild under the slogan: "The future doesn't collapse."
His government has earmarked 40 million euro to help house those displaced by the most recent quakes, and he promised to get to work on reconstruction started "soon and in a serious way".
He said: "The earthquake is putting us to the test, but Italy is here and we will not leave citizens alone. We are stronger and we will make it."
The first quake at 7.10pm local time, with a magnitude of 5.4, sent residents into the streets under heavy rain - which authorities said likely saved lives by getting people outside ahead of the second, much more powerful quake.
That jolt, two hours later and eight times stronger, brought down weakened buildings including the bell tower in Camerino, and rendered countless homes unsafe. With no time to come up with adequate emergency shelter, thousands slept in their cars.
In Ussita, mayor Marco Rinaldi said his town had been "devastated" with up to 80% of the houses no longer inhabitable.
In Visso, the mayor estimated that two-thirds of the town's 1,500 houses had sustained some damage while the remaining residents do not want to return home until checks are made to ensure safety.
Camerino mayor Gianluca Pasqui said the town's historic bell tower of the Santa Maria in Via church, dating from the Crusades, had collapsed, but emphasised that reconstruction work after a 6.1 -magnitude quake in 1997, including on the church and tower, appeared to have contributed to the absence of serious injury.
"I can say that the city didn't have victims. That means that even if there is a lot of damage, probably the reconstruction in the historic centre was done in a correct and adequate manner. Because otherwise, we would be speaking of something else," he said.
The town is home to 7,500 residents and 10,000 students at the Camerino University, one of Italy's oldest founded in 1336.
The president of Umbria region, Catiuscia Marini, told RAI state television that officials are mindful that with winter approaching and temperatures dropping, tents cannot be deployed as they were after the August quake.
She said that after the quakes many people will be fearful of staying even in hotels deemed safe, and that solutions like campers are being considered.
"We don't have injured, we have people who are very afraid, who have anxiety, especially the elderly," she said.
The moment San Salvatore church collapses after a series of earthquakes rock central Italy. Read more: https://t.co/TsiaPC3kl1 pic.twitter.com/yIxJQEY86Y
— Reuters (@Reuters) October 27, 2016