After Dutch reject populism, will other Europeans follow?
The Netherlands election has energised traditional parties across Europe from left and right, with Dutch voters showing Europe that populism is not always inevitable.
But Mark Rutte's victory, defying polls that suggested a close race with anti-Islam populist Geert Wilders, is unlikely to extinguish the anti-immigrant, anti-establishment sentiment that has been blazing around Europe.
Mr Rutte, the Dutch prime minister who had pushed the electorate through five years of tough economic measures, emerged victorious in a bruising battle with Mr Wilders, whose relentless invective against all things Muslim and anything from the European Union failed to earn him the breakthrough that many had come to count on as a given.
After boosts in Britain and the United States over the past year and Wednesday's setback in the Netherlands, populism now heads to France for its next test of political viability.
Now it is for Marine Le Pen, of the National Front, to carry the torch in presidential elections starting next month.
When French, German, Italian and Bulgarian voters cast ballots in the year ahead, they will not be out to mimic Dutch voters.
Instead, they will be driven as much by local issues as global concerns.
The challenge now for candidates such as France's Ms Le Pen is to keep up the momentum of her gospel against immigrants, the political elite and European unity.
It has resonated so widely that she is likely to come out on top in the first round of presidential voting on April 23, though she is much less likely to win the May 7 final round.
And the challenge for Europe's more moderate candidates - such as Ms Le Pen's chief rival, independent Emmanuel Macron - is to reconnect with voters alienated by EU bureaucracy and frustrated by economic stagnation.
Congratulations to @markrutte and the people of the Netherlands who have chosen the path towards an open and inclusive Europe.
— krls.eth / Carles Puigdemont (@KRLS) March 16, 2017
They could also take some lessons from the Dutch.
In the wake of the victory of Donald Trump as US president in November, Mr Wilders surged.
Now, instead of becoming the biggest party in the Netherlands, Mr Wilders's group was a very distant second, with barely 13% of the vote.
Instead, Mr Rutte was the toast of most of Europe, which was relieved there was proof the populist tide could be stopped.
Mr Rutte insisted he now wanted to listen to the message of the people who felt disenfranchised in their own nation but said the dominoes pushed over by the "wrong kind of populism" had now stopped.
Such was the relief that German Chancellor Angela Merkel called to congratulate him at a time when only exit polls were in.
The foreign ministry said in a Twitter message that "the people of the Netherlands have said no to the anti-European populists. This is good."
Germany holds a general election next September, when the virulent anti-immigrant Alternative for Germany party is expected to enter parliament for the first time.
Such is the threat of populism that German Social Democrat leader Martin Schulz immediately looked beyond the historic defeat of his Dutch left-wing political comrades and congratulated Mr Rutte - a paragon of free trade and tough austerity.
"Wilders failed to win the Dutch elections. I am relieved," Mr Schulz said.
Another socialist, French President Francois Hollande, did likewise.
He congratulated Mr Rutte for his election success and his "clear victory against extremism".
Mr Hollande said that "the values of openness, respect for others, and a faith in Europe's future are the only true response to the nationalist impulses and isolationism that are shaking the world".
There was also relief in the European Union.
"The Dutch elections are a perfect start for the electoral year because the populists and the anti-Europeans failed," said Manfred Weber, the leader of the EU's Christian Democrat EPP group.
